Coronary angioplasty is a minimally invasive medical procedure designed to open narrowed or blocked arteries in the heart. It plays a crucial role in restoring blood flow and reducing the risk of heart attacks. For individuals experiencing chest pain (angina) or those who have suffered a heart attack, angioplasty can be a lifesaving intervention.
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What Leads to Blocked Arteries?
The heart relies on a steady supply of oxygen-rich blood to function properly. When fatty deposits, also known as plaques, build up inside the coronary arteries, they restrict blood flow, leading to chest pain and increasing the risk of a heart attack. This condition, known as atherosclerosis, is a major contributor to heart disease.
Common risk factors for coronary artery blockages include:
- High cholesterol levels
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Genetic predisposition
How Coronary Angioplasty Works
Coronary angioplasty is typically performed in a specialised hospital setting by an interventional cardiologist. The procedure involves the following steps:
- Preparation – The patient is given a mild sedative, and a small incision is made, usually in the wrist or groin, to insert a thin catheter into the artery.
- Guiding the Catheter – The catheter is carefully guided to the blocked artery using X-ray imaging.
- Balloon Inflation – A tiny balloon attached to the catheter is inflated at the site of the blockage, pushing the plaque against the artery walls and restoring blood flow.
- Stent Placement (if needed) – In many cases, a stent (a small mesh tube) is placed to keep the artery open and prevent future blockages.
Benefits of Coronary Angioplasty
Coronary angioplasty offers several advantages over traditional open-heart surgery, making it a preferred choice for many patients. Some of its key benefits include:
- Minimally Invasive – Unlike bypass surgery, which requires large incisions, angioplasty is performed through a small puncture.
- Quick Recovery – Patients can often return to normal activities within a few days.
- Immediate Symptom Relief – Many patients experience instant relief from chest pain and breathlessness.
- Lower Risk of Complications – Compared to open-heart surgery, the risk of infections and complications is significantly reduced.
Dr. Rohit Kumar, a leading Interventional Cardiologist in Kolkata, has extensive experience in performing coronary angioplasty, ensuring that patients receive the best possible care and long-term benefits.
Post-Procedure Care and Lifestyle Changes
Although angioplasty effectively restores blood flow, it does not cure heart disease. Patients must make necessary lifestyle changes to maintain heart health and prevent further complications. Some essential steps include:
- Healthy Diet – A heart-friendly diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins while avoiding excessive salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats.
- Regular Exercise – Moderate physical activity, such as walking or swimming, can improve cardiovascular health.
- Quitting Smoking – Smoking is a major contributor to heart disease, and quitting significantly lowers the risk of future complications.
- Managing Stress – Practices like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels.
- Medication Compliance – Patients should take prescribed medications as directed and attend follow-up appointments to monitor their heart health.
When Should You Consider Coronary Angioplasty?
If you experience symptoms such as persistent chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue, it is essential to seek medical advice. Coronary angioplasty may be recommended if:
- Medications and lifestyle changes fail to improve symptoms.
- You have severe narrowing in a coronary artery that puts you at risk of a heart attack.
- You have already suffered a heart attack, and an immediate procedure is required to restore blood flow.
Conclusion
Coronary angioplasty is a safe and effective procedure that can significantly improve heart health and overall quality of life. With advancements in medical technology and expert care from Dr. Rohit Kumar, an Interventional Cardiologist in Kolkata, patients can receive timely treatment and prevent life-threatening complications.
If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of heart disease, do not hesitate to seek professional medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in maintaining a healthy heart and a fulfilling life.
